El correcto mantenimiento de las zonas donde se alojan los perros y el uso de repelentes es fundamental para la prevención de la transmisión de esta enfermedad.

The fact that the permeability between family and work scopes produces work-family conflict (WFC) is well established. As such, this research aims to check whether the unequal involvement in household chores between men and women is associated with increased WFC in women and men, interpreting the results also from the knowledge that arise from gender studies. A correlational study was carried out by means a questionnaire applied to 515 subjects (63% men) of two independent samples of Spanish men and women (...) without emotional relationship, who lived with their heterosexual partner. As expected, results firstly show unequal involvement in household chores by women and men as it is higher in women that in men, and the perception of partner involvement is lower in women that in men. Secondly, those unequal involvements relate differently to men and women on different ways of work-family interaction. They do not increase WFC in women comparing to men, although there are tangentially significant differences in work conflict (WC) and statistically significant in family conflict (FC). However, perception of partner involvement on household chores increases WFC both in men and in women but not WC nor FC. Nevertheless, increase on marital conflict (MC) by domestic tasks neither affect in a significant way WFC in women nor in men, but increase WC in both women and men and FC only in women. Results also confirm that subject involvement on household chores is not a significant predictor of WFC in women nor in men, and that MC by domestic tasks is a statistically significant predictor in women of WFC and FC, but not in men. Thus, results show that traditional gender roles still affect the way men and women manage the work and family interaction, although the increased WFC due to involvement in housework is not exclusive to women, but also occurs in men. Personal and institutional recommendations are made on the basis of these results to cope with these conflicts. (shrink)

El presente estudio trata de ser una aproximación histórica al posmodernismo en una de sus vertientes: el constructivismo, la teoría que defiende que el mundo es construcción social sin correlato objetivo alguno. A través del examen de la genealogía de este perfil, el artículo se propone mostrar que el constructivismo es deudor de diversas tradiciones de pensamiento irracionalista, subjetivista e idealista, y que por ello constituye una doctrina anti y pseudocientífica.

Intelligent Transportation Systems are expected to automate how parking slots are booked by trucks. The intrinsic dynamic nature of this problem, the need of explanations and the inclusion of private data justify an agent-based solution. Agents solving this problem act with a Believe Desire Intentions reasoning, and are implemented with JASON. Privacy of trucks becomes protected sharing a list of parkings ordered by preference. Furthermore, the process of assigning parking slots takes into account legal requirements on breaks and driving time (...) limits. Finally, the agent simulations use the distances, the number of trucks and parkings corresponding to the proportions of the current European Union data. The performance of the proposed solution is tested in these simulations with three different distances against an alternative with complete knowledge. The difference in efficiency, the number of illegal breaks and the traveled distances are measured in them. Comparing the results, we can conclude that the nonprivate alternative is slightly better in performance while both alternatives do not produce illegal breaks. In this way the simulations show that the proposed privacy protection does not impose a relevant handicap in efficiency. (shrink)

This article discusses one of the most controversial topics on the creation of Rabbinic Jewish Liturgy—the origin of the Amidah, the main prayer in the Jewish religious public service, after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 E. C. To this end, the formal and literary structure of the Amidah is analyzed followed by a critical discussion on its origin that contributes to the scholarly debate on the topic. An annotated Spanish translation of this first-century prayer is rendered as (...) an Appendix. (shrink)

De Monarchia representa una de las obras de Dante que más influjo político ha ejercido. Probablemente movido a escribirla, hacia 1313. Con ella, Dante quiere contribuir a erradicar la anarquía imperante de su época, en Italia y, concretamente, en su ciudad florentina. Sueña con un orden social que establezca la paz universal. El tono de la obra, netamente gibelino, muestra a un Dante que ha evolucionado intelectualmente. Dante se muestra aquí como un intelectual a caballo entre la escolástica y el (...) florecimiento de un estilo nuevo. Hay en él toda una serie de giros, expresiones, alegorías, imágenes y simbolismos claramente medievales, pero también un conjunto de ideas que, contra corriente, contribuyeron a cambiar el modo de interpretar el mundo. Su De Monarchia ha de considerarse una obra innovadora porque, aunque el texto ciertamente recogió tradiciones legales, jurídicas, políticas y teológicas precedentes, su mayor mérito radicó en la elaboración de una densa, brillante y novedosa teoría, según la cual, el emperador no sólo debía su poder a la elección directa de Dios —con lo que su investidura no devenía un mero oficio de la Iglesia— sino que, además, la institución imperial resultaba superior a la pontificia. Por tanto, hay que plantearse si «De Monarqchia» es una obra que precederá algunas de las principales tesis que posteriormente defenderá la Reforma protestante en cuestiones políticas. (shrink)

En este artículo se examinan críticamente dos propuestas de solución a losargumentos escépticos, la del Wittgenstein de “Sobre la Certeza” y la másreciente de Crispin Wright, y se propone una alternativa. Tras describir losaspectos positivos de ambas propuestas, se las acusa de un defecto que lasinvalida, al que se denomina “fundamentalismo” (básicamente, el de no permitirla revisión de los sistemas epistémicos) y se propone una estrategia desolución del problema.

En este trabajo se examinan las estrategias discursivas de la literatura de Cervantes y Gracián en torno a la formación del sí mismo y el estatuto del mundo en su sentido metafísico. Conceptos tales como «valor» y «corazón” debieran ser leídos desde una perspectiva ética que delimita esencialmente la constitución del ser humano y de su mundo. Estas estrategias muestran cómo se suelen abordar teóricamente los inicios de la Modernidad desde sus últimas consideraciones (propias del idealismo alemán) y cómo tal (...) vínculo debe ser reconsiderado. (shrink)

In this paper I critically evaluate the Implicit Definition Theory and its possibility of resolution of two main problems concerning logical knowledge: the explication and the justification. I point at five results that can be obtained: apriority, factuality, normativity applicability and non-circularity. I argue that in case of explication all mentioned results can be obtained but in case of justification the circularity is inevitable. In the last paragraph I propose a solution of this problem.

_Abstract:_ This paper poses the following questions: What is pluralistic hegemony? What are its defining features? Can populism be seen to possess them? We draw on Laclau’s thought to examine whether antagonism and “the name of the leader” as an empty signifier are incompatible with pluralism. With reference to various different perspectives regarding the relationship between pluralism, hegemony and populism, we present our own particular understanding. Our conceptualization distances itself from the notion that pluralism involves an endless proliferation of difference (...) and the agonistic view that seeks to sublimate antagonism, and also from Laclau’s “the name of the leader” as an archetypal signifier of populism. Rather than the political frontier being the antithesis of pluralism, we see it as its precondition, with the empty signifier not representing a problem in itself, except when its name is pre-given. We perceive pluralism as being open to contingency, as a logic of the production and flow of differences. (shrink)

International research enrolling human subjects has raised an ethical concern regarding the just distribution of benefits between the countries that design the research and the host communities. Although several universal declarations have expressed this concern, a gap between theory and practice continues to exist, as well as a significant divergence between the design of the research protocol and the social context where it will be implemented. Although institutional review boards have made a valuable effort to evaluate international research, their sensitivity (...) to the just sharing of research benefits as well as their attention to the social context must be evaluated. This article analyzes the distribution of benefits in a review of international research in Mexico and produces an ethical reflection based on the results. (shrink)

Recesión de D. Blanco Fernández, Principios de filosofía política, Editorial Síntesis, Madrid, 2000.

El presente del ser humano es urbano. Si la pandemia de la COVID-19 no varía la tendencia actual, el futuro va a serlo en mayor medida. Esto convierte a las ciudades en el principal foco de recepción y emisión de materia y energía a escala global. Debido a esta repercusión, el reto medioambiental al que se enfrenta la sociedad del siglo XXI obliga a centrarse en la ciudad. Puede que transformando la ciudad sea posible avanzar hacia horizontes ambientales más favorables. (...) Pero para convertir a la ciudad en el escenario principal donde afrontar este reto, es necesario transformar el modo de entender y de hacer ciudad. Para ello se debe revisar y comprender la forma en la que la ciudad se ha relacionado con la naturaleza. Este artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva ambiental, el discurso urbano español de las últimas décadas. Permite reconstruir el camino recorrido y descubre algunas directrices sobre cuál debería ser el camino correcto hacia el que deberían dirigirse los planteamientos urbanos futuros. La ciudad va a adquirir paulatinamente un mayor papel en la mejora ambiental del planeta y, en el caso de España, este horizonte se encuentra marcado por la Agenda Urbana Española 2019. (shrink)

La concepción semántica en filosofía de la ciencia propuso las relaciones de isomorfismo (van Fraassen) y semejanza (Giere) para analizar las representaciones científicas. Recientemente, Ibarra y Mormann han sugerido una geometrización de la concepción representacional en filosofía de la ciencia. Este artículo afirma que es precisa una relación mas general (la de homeomorfismo) para reconstruir las representaciones científicas externas que son utilizadas en la practica científica contemporánea, y especialmente en la visualización científica digitalizada.The semantical view on philosophy of science has (...) proposed the relationships of isomorfism (van Fraassen) and similitude (Giere) in order to analyse scientific representations. Recently, Ibarra & Mormann have suggested a geometrization of the representational view on philosophy of science. This contribution claims that a more general relationship (homeomorfism) is needed to reconstruct external representations used in contemporary scientific practice and, specially, in scientific digitalized visualization. (shrink)

La concepción semántica en filosofía de la ciencia propuso las relaciones de isomorfismo y semejanza para analizar las representaciones científicas. Recientemente, Ibarra y Mormann han sugerido una geometrización de la concepción representacional en filosofía de la ciencia. Este artículo afirma que es precisa una relación mas general para reconstruir las representaciones científicas externas que son utilizadas en la practica científica contemporánea, y especialmente en la visualización científica digitalizada.The semantical view on philosophy of science has proposed the relationships of isomorfism and (...) similitude in order to analyse scientific representations. Recently, Ibarra & Mormann have suggested a geometrization of the representational view on philosophy of science. This contribution claims that a more general relationship is needed to reconstruct external representations used in contemporary scientific practice and, specially, in scientific digitalized visualization. (shrink)